Functions as First-Class Citizens In Python, functions are more than just blocks of reusable code; in fact, they’re first-class citizens. Python functions can be stored, passed them around, and even returned them from other functions. This might seem a bit weird at first, but it actually makes our code way more powerful and flexible. What Does “First-Class Citizen” Mean? When we say functions are first-class citizens in Python, we mean that functions can be:

Some parts, like the engine, you want to be accessible for repairs. But others, like the computer system, are very delicate, and you only want trained mechanics to mess with them. That’s where access modifiers come in.

Inheritance in Python a way to reuse code and establish relationships between different objects

Exceptions represent runtime anomalies that, if not addressed, can disrupt program execution.

Console input and output are all about creating a two-way communication channel with your Python programs; give it instructions and data, and it displays you the outcome